Other Events:

• Civil War: March - July 1862, Rappahannock River, Virginia; The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement against the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia, intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. McClellan was initially successful against the equally cautious General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of the more aggressive General Robert E. Lee turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a humiliating Union defeat. McClellan landed his army at Fort Monroe and moved northwest, up the Virginia Peninsula. Confederate Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's defensive position on the Warwick Line caught McClellan by surprise. His hopes for a quick advance foiled, McClellan ordered his army to prepare for a siege of Yorktown. Just before the siege preparations were completed, the Confederates, now under the direct command of Johnston, began a withdrawal toward Richmond. The first heavy fighting of the campaign occurred in the Battle of Williamsburg, in which the Union troops managed some tactical victories, but the Confederates continued their withdrawal. An amphibious flanking movement to Eltham's Landing was ineffective in cutting off the Confederate retreat. In the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, an attempt by the U.S. Navy to reach Richmond by way of the James River was repulsed. As McClellan's army reached the outskirts of Richmond, a minor battle occurred at Hanover Court House, but it was followed by a surprise attack by Johnston at the Battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks. The battle was inconclusive, with heavy casualties, but it had lasting effects on the campaign. Johnston was wounded by a Union artillery shell fragment on May 31 and replaced the next day by the more aggressive Robert E. Lee, who reorganized his army and prepared for offensive action in the final battles of June 25 to July 1, which are popularly known as the Seven Days Battles.
• Civil War: Dec 1862, Fredericksburg, Virginia; The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, between General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside, as part of the American Civil War. The Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city are remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, with Union casualties more than three times as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates. A visitor to the battlefield described the battle to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln as a "butchery."[14] Burnside's plan was to cross the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in mid-November and race to the Confederate capital of Richmond before Lee's army could stop him. Bureaucratic delays prevented Burnside from receiving the necessary pontoon bridges in time and Lee moved his army to block the crossings. When the Union army was finally able to build its bridges and cross under fire, urban combat in the city resulted on December 11–12. Union troops prepared to assault Confederate defensive positions south of the city and on a strongly fortified ridge just west of the city known as Marye's Heights. On December 13, the "grand division" of Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin was able to pierce the first defensive line of Confederate Lieutenant General Stonewall Jackson to the south, but was finally repulsed. Burnside ordered the grand divisions of Maj. Gens. Edwin V. Sumner and Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal assaults against Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights, all of which were repulsed with heavy losses. On December 15, Burnside withdrew his army, ending another failed Union campaign in the Eastern Theater.
• Civil War: Apr 1863, Falmouth, Virginia; Stoneman's raid was a cavalry operation led by General George Stoneman that preceded the start of the Battle of Chancellorsville in the American Civil War. Strategy General George Stoneman In April 1863, Major General Joseph Hooker put his army in motion to force Lee out of his Fredericksburg positions. He sent Major General George Stoneman's 10,000-strong cavalry to move between Lee and the Confederate capital, Richmond. Hooker expected Stoneman to sever Lee's line of supply by destroying the strategically vital Orange and Alexandria Railroad at the town of Gordonsville. This would, Hooker hoped, compel Lee to withdraw from Fredericksburg while cutting him off from supplies and transportation. Hooker also saw to it that John Buford was given an active field command and rode to battle in April 1863 with the Reserve Brigade, an organization that contained the majority of the Regular Army cavalry units serving in the east.
• Civil War: 9 Jun 1863, Brandy Station, Virginia; The Battle of Brandy Station, also called the Battle of Fleetwood Hill, was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, as well as the largest ever to take place on American soil.[3] It was fought on June 9, 1863, around Brandy Station, Virginia, at the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign by the Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton against Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry. Pleasonton launched a surprise dawn attack on Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station. After an all-day fight in which fortunes changed repeatedly, the Federals retired without discovering Gen. Robert E. Lee's infantry camped near Culpeper. This battle marked the end of the Confederate cavalry's dominance in the East. From this point in the war, the Federal cavalry gained strength and confidence.
• Civil War: 28 May 1864, Hanover County, Virginia; The Battle of Haw's Shop[4] or Enon Church was fought on May 28, 1864, in Hanover County, Virginia, as part of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War. Grant abandoned the stalemate following the Battle of North Anna (May 23–26) by once again swinging widely around Lee's right flank, using the Pamunkey River to screen his movements to the southwest. Lee's army moved directly south and took up positions on the southern bank of Totopotomoy Creek. The Confederate general sent a cavalry force under Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton to collect intelligence about Grant's next moves. On May 28, Hampton's troopers encountered Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg. Fighting predominately dismounted and utilizing earthworks for protection, neither side achieved an advantage. Gregg was reinforced by two brigades of Brig. Gen. Alfred T.A. Torbert's division, and the brigade under Brig. Gen. George A. Custer launched a spirited attack just as Hampton was ordering his men to withdraw. The seven-hour battle was inconclusive, but it was the second significant cavalry engagement of the Overland Campaign and one of the bloodiest of the war. Both sides claimed victory. Union Cavalry Corps commander Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan bragged that his men had driven Hampton from the field and demonstrated the superiority of the Union cavalry. But Hampton had held up the Union cavalry for seven hours, prevented it from achieving its reconnaissance objectives, and had provided valuable intelligence to General Lee about disposition of Grant's army.
• Civil War: 11 Jun 1864, Louisa County, Virginia; The Battle of Trevilian Station (also called Trevilians) was fought on June 11–12, 1864, in Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan fought against Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gens. Wade Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee in the bloodiest and largest all-cavalry battle of the war. Sheridan's objectives for his raid were to destroy stretches of the Virginia Central Railroad, provide a diversion that would occupy Confederate cavalry from understanding Grant's planned crossing of the James River, and to link up with the army of Maj. Gen. David Hunter at Charlottesville. Hampton's cavalry beat Sheridan to the railroad at Trevilian Station and on June 11 they fought to a standstill. Brig. Gen. George A. Custer entered the Confederate rear area and captured Hampton's supply train, but soon became surrounded and fought desperately to avoid destruction. On June 12, the cavalry forces clashed again to the northwest of Trevilian Station, and seven assaults by Brig. Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert's Union division were repulsed with heavy losses. Sheridan withdrew his force to rejoin Grant's army. The battle was a tactical victory for the Confederates and Sheridan failed to achieve his goal of permanently destroying the Virginia Central Railroad or of linking up with Hunter. Its distraction, however, may have contributed to Grant's successful crossing of the James River.

Notes:

Civil War note: - Haws Shop

On May 28, 1864, Union and Confederate forces clashed around Enon Church in one of the fiercest cavalry battles of the Civil War. The seven-hour battle, known as Haw's Shop, erupted when both sides met during reconnaissance. After a brief fight on horseback, Confederate cavalry fell back west of the church and built fortifications to withstand the Union assaults. The sides battled for several hours before General George Custer's Union brigade turned the stalemate into victory.

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The Commercial Exchange of Philadelphia

- C Ross Smith was secretary starting 1885 - was a manager in prior years..

Organized in 1854 as the Corn Exchange, the mission of the organization was "to provide and maintain suitable accommodations for general business exchange in the City of Philadelphia; to inculcate just and equitable principles of trade; to acquire, disseminate and preserve valuable business information, and to adjust controversies and misunderstandings between members of that body." In 1867, the Corn Exchange changed its name to the Commercial Exchange.

The Exchange, headquartered in the Bourse after the 1890s, monitored the grain trade in the city and maintained standardized scales for equitable weighing procedures. In addition, it lobbied for port improvements as well as trade and tariff legislation. Other important activities of the Exchange included raising a military company during the Civil War, and providing valuable assistance to the Food Administration during World War I in its enforcement of rules and regulations.

*** From https://library.temple.edu/scrc/commercial-exchange



Buried:
Age: 68

Died:
Age: 68

Charles Josephine Burr 16 Apr 1861. Josephine (daughter of Dr. Hudson Stockton Burr and Anna Pike) about 1840 Pennsylvania, USA; 06 Sep 1902Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 09 Sep 1902Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Charles Ross Smith, Jr. 11 Aug 1872 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 01 May 1915Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 04 May 1915Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2. Henry Hudson Smith 16 Sep 1869 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 08 Jul 1911Cape May, Cape May, New Jersey, USA; 11 Jul 1911Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
3. Mabel Chatham Smith 27 Sep 1867; 21 Jan 1900Asheville, Buncombe, North Carolina, USA; 25 Jan 1900Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Notes:

John was President of the Insurance Company of North America, from 1831 until his death. His father, William, had been a well-known apothecary during the Revolutionary period. But, John wasn't interested in following his father's trade. He began work as a shipper's clerk at the Philadelphia waterfront. Subsequently, he acquired a fortune in the China trade. (note is from https://tng.scudder.org/getperson.php?personID=I4671&tree=tree1 )

John Matilda Wyckoff 16 Dec 1812Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Matilda (daughter of Col. William S. Wyckoff and Hannah Scudder) 31 Mar 1792 Monmouth Co., New Jersey, USA; 30 Sep 1848Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William Letitia Correy 12 Nov 1783. Letitia 11 Jul 1753; 26 Feb 1806. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From Find A Grave site:
He was the son of Jacob Wyckoff and Saartje Covenhoven. Col. William S. Wyckoff married Hannah Scudder, daughter of Dr. Nathaniel Scudder and Isabella Anderson, on October 17, 1787. Col. William S. Wyckoff died on May 8, 1824 at age 69. Col.

William S. Wyckoff was a Colonel in the Revolutionary War from Monmouth County circa 1777.

Children of Col. William S. Wyckoff and Hannah Scudder:
Nathaniel Scudder Wyckoff+ (August 11, 1788 - September 30, 1859)
Sally Wyckoff (November 17, 1789 - March 28, 1869)
Matilda Wyckoff (March 31, 1792 - September 30, 1848)
Ann Wyckoff+ (July 5, 1793 - February 3, 1852)
Charlotte Wyckoff+ (April 15, 1795 - January 11, 1862)
Lydia Scudder Wyckoff (September 13, 1798 - May 11, 1801)
Amanda Wyckoff+ (February 1, 1806 - December 2, 1850)

William Hannah Scudder 17 Oct 1787. Hannah (daughter of Col. Nathaniel Scudder, M.D. and Isabella Anderson) 16 Aug 1763 Freehold, Monmouth, New Jersey, USA; 09 Dec 1834. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
Age 71

Notes:

Birth:
Age: 0

Samuel Mary Harrison 19 Sep 1727Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Mary (daughter of Joseph Harrison and Marike Hendricx) 1701 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 23 Jul 1793. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jacob Sarah Conover 07 Jan 1754. Sarah (daughter of William Cornelisse Covenhoven and Annetje Hendrickson) 30 Nov 1733; 23 Aug 1796; Tennent, Monmouth, New Jersey, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

From https://www.venividiscripto.com/nathaniel-scudder-revolutionary-war/
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Nathaniel married Isabella Anderson, the only daughter of Colonel Kenneth Anderson, the year after his college graduation, and following a charming and whirlwind romance.

The History of NJ Medicine records the courtship and romance as told a century later by Dr. Scudder’s granddaughter, Maria.

Seems the beautiful Isabella, a member of an old Scottish family that came to the colonies during the Scottish troubles of 1715, came to church services on horseback, and was quickly seen and appreciated by a young college graduate, Nathaniel Scudder. She alighted from her horse and fastened him to a tree before walking up to and into the church. The daring young medical student went up to the horse, disarranged the equipment and entangled the bridle before he, too, went into church. When service was over, and young Isabella went back to her horse, only to be chagrined by the entanglement, Nathaniel suddenly appeared, quite dignified and graceful, and offered to come to her assistance. He righted all the reins he had entangled, then assisted the young lady into the saddle. He mentioned to her that since they were both traveling in the same direction, a distance of some four miles or more, he felt the need to travel with her and offer her protection. She acquiesced to his gallantry, Nathaniel mounted his own horse, and the two rode off together, the beginning of a courtship that culminated in a marriage in 1752 and ultimately the birth of three sons and two daughters.

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From book

Calvin's Crusaders in the Wars That Made America:
The Story of Nathaniel and Isabella Scudder-Princeton Patriots of the Revolutionary Era
-----------------------------------

Nathaniel Scudder, a well-educated Presbyterian physician, was an idealistic early advocate of the rebellion. Like many of his fellow graduates of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) he believed in the Calvinist vision of a pious republic. His wife, Isabella Anderson Scudder, a wealthy heiress and granddaughter of a royal governor, reluctantly accepted her husband's radical political inclinations while fearing the tragic consequences that might result.

After a brilliant career as a physician and elder of the Presbyterian Church, he was elected to represent New Jersey in the Continental Congress, where he became one of the signatories of the Articles of Confederation. He eventually grew so frustrated by the blatant corruption he experienced that he abandoned politics and helped form an extra-legal vigilante organization, the Retaliators.

Nathaniel's inner journey to the abandonment of his congressional mandate in favor of participation in violent retaliation was driven by his friendship and admiration for David Forman, the main architect of the retribution strategy.

On October 16, 1781, Nathaniel Scudder became the only person who served in the Continental Congress to die in action in the War of American Independence. In a skirmish between Retaliators and Loyalists, he was struck by a bullet meant for David Forman.
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From Wikipedia:
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Scudder was born in Monmouth Court House, Province of New Jersey, which later became Freehold Borough, New Jersey. He attended the College Of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and graduated in 1751. He then studied medicine before setting up a practice in Monmouth County, New Jersey.

Dr. Scudder was active in civic and militia affairs. When the revolution split the colonies, he supported the rebel cause. He was a member of the county's committee of safety and represented it in the Provincial Congress held in 1774. That same year he was named lieutenant colonel in the county's first regiment of militia. In 1776 he was elected to a one-year term as Monmouth County's first member of the newly constituted New Jersey Legislative Council, and in 1780 he was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly.[2]

In 1777, Scudder became the colonel of his militia regiment and was sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress. During the summer of 1778, he was particularly busy and abandoned his medical practice. He split his time between the Congress and militia activities. He led his regiment in the Battle of Monmouth in June. He wrote a series of impassioned letters to local and state leaders urging the adoption of the Articles of Confederation, and when New Jersey's legislature approved them in November, he endorsed them for the state at the Congress.

Scudder continued both forms of service for several years. On October 17, 1781, he led a part of his regiment to offer resistance to a British Army foraging party and was killed in a skirmish near Shrewsbury, New Jersey. He is buried in the Tennent Church Graveyard in Manalapan Township. Dr. Scudder was the only member of the Continental Congress to die in battle during the Revolutionary War and the last colonel to die in battle.

Died:
Age: 48

Nathaniel Isabella Anderson 23 Mar 1752Monmouth Co., New Jersey, USA. Isabella (daughter of Colonel Kenneth Anderson and Hannah Hankinson) 06 Jul 1737 Monmouth Co., New Jersey, USA; 24 Dec 1782Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, USA; Tennent, Monmouth, New Jersey, USA. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]